Initially, a cough should be managed with treatments that act on the periphery and are administered on an as-needed basis; if the symptoms persist, centrally acting and continuously administered treatments should be added (or substituted). Symptomatic treatment regimens range from the minimally invasive (demulcents, simple linctus) through the moderately invasive (mild opioids, morphine, methadone) to the most invasive (narcotics).